The Church of Mary Magdalene was built in 1886 by Tsar Alexander III in honor of his mother. As it's name implies, it is dedicated to Mary Magdalene. Mary was a devout follower of Jesus and was the first person to see him after his resurrection. Храм Марии Магдалины is a Russian Orthodox Church. A couple of Russian saints are buried there.
While I wasn't able to enter this church, I photographed the exterior from several locations around Jerusalem.